Modern cars have four-wheel brakes, powered by a hydraulic
system. Disc brakes may be of a disc type or roller type. Front brakes play a
greater role in stopping the vehicle from the rear corner, because the brake
casts the weight of the car forward on the front wheels.
Brakes transfer power to tires using friction, and tires
move that force to the road using friction as well. Before we begin our
discussion on the components of the brake system, we will cover these three
principles:
- Positive effect
- Hydraulic
- Friction
Difference between disc brake and brake:
Disc brakes consist of disc brake, brake caliper, and brake
pad. When you press the brake pedal, the hydraulic fluid causes the caliper to
be pressed on the brake pad against the brake disc. The friction brake pad
generates friction disc brakes, which converts kinetic energy into heat in the
brake pad.
How much heat? a lot! A speeding car can heat the brakes to
950 degrees Fahrenheit or more! To withstand this heat, brake pads must be made
of special materials that will not melt at high temperatures. Some of these
special materials include composite materials, alloys and ceramics.
Roller brakes also use friction but slightly differently.
The brake disc consists of brake disc and brake shoes. The hollow drum turns
with the wheel. When the brake pedal is pressed, the hydraulic roller drives
the brake shoes with the friction linings on the inner surface of the brake
cylinder, causing friction and thus slowing the wheel.
Hydraulic brake:
The hydraulic brake circuit contains cylinders filled with
liquids and cylinders of slaves attached to the pipes. The main cylinder moves
the hydraulic pressure to the slave drum when the pedal is pressed. Liquid
moves to the slave cylinders in each wheel and fills them, forcing the pistons
to apply the brakes. The fluid pressure distributes itself evenly around the
system. The combined "push" area for all slave presses is much larger
than that of the piston in the main cylinder. Thus, the main piston must travel
several inches to move the piston presses with a fraction of an inch needed to
apply the brakes. This arrangement allows for large braking force, at the same
time the way the long-haul crane can lift a heavy object easily at a short
distance. Most modern cars are equipped with dual hydraulic circuits, with two
main cylinders in tandem, in case one fails.
Under heavy braking, a lot of weight may be released from
the rear wheels that are locked, which can lead to a serious slide. For this
reason, the rear brakes are deliberately made less powerful than the front.
Advanced cars may also have complex locking anti-lock systems that recognize in
different ways how the vehicle slows down and whether any wheels are locked.
These systems are used and the brakes are released in quick succession to
prevent them from closing.
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